Definitions

OP_MONOID
What is it?
This “opcode” must be the first argument in your script and is the first of several which introduce set theory logic into the multichain. Monoids pull the operating context off of the stack and allow any address to spend the Overline token value as long as it runs the Monoid script first. Once a sequence of transactions start operating in the monadic set you can create amazing decentralized applications which behave like as if they were on their own chain without adding the bloat of a new blockchain.
How do I use it?
The implications of OP_MONOID are far reaching. The first: using Monoids to settle and resolve partial orders. Unlike atomic swaps which create inefficient markets. Monadic settlements allow takers to take some of an order. OP_MONOID is designed to enable settlement between thousands of parties in a single transaction.

OP_EMERGENCY
What is it?
The function represents an event flag which means that it signals miners to evaluate the transaction in a specific context–generally no fees. The function requires setting an expiration block height when the OP_EMERGENCY is no longer active, an optional Super Collider reference, and an event public key. The event public key is determined by the non-governmental organization (NGO) or sovereign nation and provided to their own communication channels.
How do I use it?
As globalization continues and communication becomes more efficient we can greatly improve the way we as the human race handle hurricanes, refugees, earthquakes and other calamities. When included in Timble script, OP_EMERGENCY allows miners to support an event by adding the transaction for free, prioritizing the addition of the transaction into the miner’s block or some other benefit captured in the message. The public key can be arbitrarily set by the NGO nation but in order to prevent any form of spoofing the NGO can deploy a short lived Super Collider whose latest block hash can be included in this field preventing bad agents from free-riding benefits allotted to the specific OP_EMERGENCY.

OP_TAKERPAIR
What is it?
This function requires the input of four arguments, the first two arguments are the outpoint referencing the callback of the operation and the next two are the takers spending address and the deposit address of two connected blockchains. The connected chains are inherited from the OP_MAKERCOLL referenced in the OP_CALLBACK which restricts their set type defined in the making transaction.
How do I use it?
OP_TAKERPAIR is a bound operation which means it must be included with OP_CALLBACK and an order type such as “OP_MAKERCOLL” or “OP_MAKERAUCT”. The operation is used to create marketplaces between blockchains or data feeds connected to the Overline multichain or Super Collider in which it is used. OP_TAKERPAIR orders support partial orders, incomplete order types, and Schnorr based anonymous transactions.

OP_NONCELOCKBL
What is it?
OP_NONCELOCKBL is critical for use in logistics, transaction miners, insurance linked securities–any event where the real world event is unlocked by providing some level of work to spend. The function requires the input of two arguments, the first argument is a signature signing the work and hash provided and the second is the minimum distance threshold that must be achieved.
How do I use it?
OP_NONCELOCKBL is a very useful tool for setting unique events for transaction mining on Overline or over the network. For example, if a pool of Overline was held in an insurance council event and the council did not meet in a timely manner a to reimburse policy holders a failsale NONCELOCKBL could be allowed to spend the Overline within a window of time proving that either a miner had enough CPU power to capitalize on the event or that enough policyholders got together to mine together to unlock the Overline in the event the council failed to convene.

OP_X
What is it?
OP_X is a dictionary tool which allows new external data protocols to be added which would traditionally trigger a hard fork on a multichain. The function takes two arguments, the id of the dictionary to be used and the data (up to 64 characters) which is processed by the dictionary and subsequently by the nodes or miners supporting the dictionary.
How do I use it?
OP_X is first used by vanity addresses to simplify trade through human readable addresses 12 characters addresses. These addresses can also be exchanged. OP_X is also used to incorporate the entire Mathematics Subject Classification dictionary allowing academics to submit research to request grants or build upon previous work. A dictionary is also used by supporting nodes which interact over the FIX protocol allowing traditional turret data streams to consume and post orders to Overline's multichain.

OP_MONAD
What is it?
It is a bound function, meaning that it requires specific operations to also be included in the script. The operations required for OP_MONAD are “OP_MONOID” and or “OP_CALLBACK”. OP_MONAD defines a nested section of the script which means that all the operations after OP_MONAD until OP_ENDMONAD are pushed onto a separate stack. One of the output scripts of the given script matches the stack exactly of OP_MONAD.
How do I use it?
OP_MONAD is used to require a separate operation to be a part of any spending transaction. In Overline interchange operations, OP_MONAD is used to have un-collateralized operations automatically return to the counter-party of the trade regardless of whichever part spends the collateralized Overline tokens. OP_MONAD protects isomorphism for the Overline's value which was injected into the script in a monadic operation. OP_MONAD could be considered the inverse of OP_MONOID in that OP_MONAD an endofunctor (typed output) and OP_MONOID is the set creating functor (typed input). For more information on Monoids/Monads: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiisKQAkGM4

OP_MINUNITVALUE
What is it?
This function takes one argument, a numeral value. The value defines a unique equality constraint among the outputs. When the operation is run each output value when the value is the divisor must be equivalent. The restraint could be compared to how OP_MONAD locks in a required script among the outputs. OP_MINUNITVALUE assigns how the outputs divide the Overline captured in the contract.
How do I use it?
OP_MINUNITVALUE is most commonly used in collateralized Overline events such as those found in chain-to-chain interoperability contracts. For example, if a two individuals are participating in a BTC-ETH trade on the Overline interchange the OP_MINUNITVALUE is set to “2” when the Maker and Taker have matched. This ensures that when the maker or taker spend the value of collateralized Overline they each receive their respective Overline back.

OP_BLAKE2BLC
What is it?
The function takes one argument, a string. The string is then hashed twice with two forms of the BLAKE2B hash, in order BLAKE2BL then BLAKE2BLS. The operation returns a 40 character string.
How do I use it?
BLAKE2 consistently shows performance gains over the traditional SHA256 and SHA328 and Keccak hashing algorithms. In many use cases especially when operating in a 64 bit environment these gains can be 200%. OP_BLAKE2BLC is a compressed form of a double BLAKE2BL hash which decreases the size and therefore fees of all transactions which use it. To learn more about Blake2: https://blake2.net/acns/slides.html

OP_CHECKSIGNOPUBKEY
What is it?
The function takes two arguments, message and a signature. From these it rebuilds a Schnorr Signature based cryptographically sound public key. The operation is used in classic lock/unlock transactions on the Overline protocol.
How do I use it?
OP_CHECKSIGNOPUBKEY allows users to lock transactions to specific public key combinations without revealing the public key until the transaction claimant provides a spending output. The transaction can become zero-knowledge if the underlying message included is also a public key. Most importantly two parties can confirm a transaction knowing only the source or the destination. The operation is lite and the proof does not requires a full-node sync to confirm.

OP_MARK
What is it?
The function takes three arguments, the expiration block height, the blockchain or dataset key, and a public key in address form. The operation uses a an additional fee function called the “window fee”. This fee is calculated based on the size of the window of the operation as set by the expiration block height and a multiplier unique to the operation.
How do I use it?
OP_MARK enables users to establish individual marketplace operations which require events to take place on a given blockchain. For example, a shipping company could sell the transport of a product to a destination based on the address given by OP_MARK and a custom smart contract on Ethereum. Or an initial coin offering could specify the award value for deposits to a specific Bitcoin transaction. Most commonly OP_MARK allows the sale of individual good or products for a fixed value.

OP_DEPSET
What is it?
The function three numeral arguments the shift operator, the deposit height, and the settlement height. The operator is in a class of operations which use elements from the operating environment which includes the input transaction, outputs, and callback references. OP_DEPSET adds the shift operator to the multichain height at which the transaction has entered the block and adds the resulting number to both the deposit and settlement height. OP_DEPSET returns a numeral indicating which the window in which the current evaluation is being run.
‘0’ FALSE no start block or outpoint block provided
’1’ TRUE deposit settlement restrictions lifted
’2’ DEPOSIT transaction operating within deposit window
’3’ SETTLE transaction operating within settlement window
How do I use it?
OP_DEPSET allows users to define windows of block heights for time relevant logic. While the operation can be used in many ways, the most common use case became the name of the operator or “the deposit and settlement” windows of a trading operation between blockchains. For example, a Market Maker defines different operations to enforce how quickly an order on the interchange (or any other marketplace built on Overline) is settled.

OP_ENVOUTPOINTUNIT
What is it?
This operations does not take an argument and is an environment operator indicated by “ENV” prepending the variable pulled from the environment, in this case “OUTPOINT UNIT”. Every transaction has BTC value operator like Bitcoin, however multichains have both an Overline value and unit operator which restricts outputs to be divisible by the UNIT.
How do I use it?
OP_ENVOUTPOINTUNIT is used to add spending rules on transactions. For instance an insurance policy of Overline tokens which is forcibly split into Overline payouts of a minimum unit size. Or it can be used to enforce that outputs return captured collateral in collateralized Overline transactions.

OP_CHECKSIG
What is it?
Timble is built on Bitcoin script as a necessary extension to provide multichain logic, however OP_CHECKSIG harkens back it’s roots as original, uncompressed implementation of Bitcoin’s script’s OP_CHECKSIG - it takes a signature and compressed public key arguments and validates that input data match the signature of a public key provided.
How to use it
OP_CHECKSIG can be used to lock transactions to a specific public key which is provided as one argument of the opcode. OP_CHECKSIG returns "truthy" value back onto stack so e.g. OP_VERIFY is suggested to be used for successful Timble script verification.

OP_PROMISE
What is it?
The operation takes four arguments a partial signature, an optional R proof, blockchain to watch, and the tx hash acting as a solution. OP_PROMISE can be used with Schnorr signatures making one or more parties watching the transaction capable of determining the PROMISE’ validity without revealing the solution or the check itself to the entire blockchain. Traditionally a sizable Overline sum is awarded to the individual who can provide the TX hash and R pattern. OP_PROMISE is commonly triggered by miners who are already monitoring the respective connected chain.
How to use it
OP_PROMISE allows users to create incentives for miners or rovers to create and submit a complete full signature executing a given transaction on the connected blockchain. This has a wide array of uses, most notable is the ability to create “Bleeding” transactions which trigger in the even a transaction does or does not happen. Learn more about Bleeding transactions: https://docs.overline.network/docs/bleed

OP_DATATOHASH
What is it?
The operation takes five arguments, [optional/default 0] threshold numeral, [optional/default 0] hashing algorithm, an address string, partial solution string, and a complete solution hashed with the given hashing algorithm.
In short OP_DATATOHASH creates a communal competition for the discovery of the solution to a particular hash. There are two modes of the operation’s execution…
MODE 1: Threshold.
If the threshold is given the distance between the sum of the hash of the hashing algorithm, address string, and partial solution is compared to the string given as the hex sum. If this is below the threshold and the partial solution hashed is equivalent to hex summed string the operation returns the address string. Otherwise the operation returns false.
MODE 2: Challenge.
If the BLAKE2 hashing algorithm, sum of the address, and the partial solution is equal to the provided sum hash the operation the address string is returns. If not it returns a false.
How to use it
The operation draws inspiration from Bitcoin’s pay to hash where if a solution is provided which equates to the given hash the Bitcoin is unlocked. In practice however, this allows the miner to steal the solution reward sending it to the miner’s address. OP_DATATOHASH on the other hand allows miners to organize to discover the hash of solution. When a discovery is made the miners can also mine for with the solution to achieve a threshold which makes stealing the transaction irrelevant or untimely. The given owner address can also be a Schnorr public key which when combined with a set of addresses incentivizing pools of miners to seek the solution to the hash.

OP_VERIFY
What is it?
OP_VERIFY goes back to event Bitcoin script roots – Forth and other stack-based languages. Usually an operation leaves result of its computation on the stack. OP_VERIFY consumes the topmost item on the stack and checks if the value on the stack is zero. If so, it terminates the script with failure.
How to use it
OP_VERIFY is used for checking the result of a previous operation - use it wherever you want to check result of previous opcode(s) operation result.

OP_FIX
What is it?
The operation a supported service flag (SSF) which means that it is used by external APIs or protocols such as FIX, HTX, or TOR. All SSF operations must have a minimum of one argument but may scale up to 16 depending on the external service the operation references. OP_FIX which will be released in the third quarter of 2019, this network wide optional upgrade enables nodes with FIX2 and FIX-GLA high speed trading functionality to interact with decentralized marketplaces built on Overline's multichain.
Overline’s OP_FIX syntax come from the standard defined by the CBOE Futures Exchange which can be viewed here: http://cdn.batstrading.com/resources/membership/CBOE_FUTURES_EXCHANGE_FIX_SPECIFICATION.pdf
How to use it
OP_FIX allows traditional data feeds and order book operations to be implemented into trading systems with minimal software overhead. Multichain's incentivization of timely updates of the blockchains they contain make them ideal for organizations making data driven decisions. Nodes on Overline that enable OP_FIX can stream data automatically from all decentralized marketplaces operating on Overline without any data processing. Bringing fair, open, and performant trading tools to consumers is the logical evolution of global borderless markets.

OP_ENVOUTPOINTHASH
What is it?
This operations does not take an argument and is an environment operator indicated by “ENV” prepending the variable pulled from the environment, in this case “OUTPOINT HASH”. When queried the operation returns the hash of the transaction from the value has been transferred.
How to use it
Users can restrict the context from which certain operations run. For example, a transaction could be written which requires the amount to be spent from a particular address. This is useful to add additional protection to MONAD operations which leave the logic context of the chain. Since these have side effects which are difficult to calculate for new programers they can restrict spending of the transaction manually by locking it to a specific outpoint hash.

OP_CALLBACK
What is it?
The OP_CALLBACK operation is in the bound class of operations such as OP_TAKERPAIR or OP_MAKERCOLL. OP_CALLBACK takes only two arguments, outpoint transaction hash and the index of the output in reference. OP_CALLBACKs are restricted to hierarchical operations otherwise Timble would be capable of loops and or Turing complete.
How to use it
OP_CALLBACK allows users to spend Overline locked in a OP_MONAD operation. The hash and index serves as a reference for the compiler to inject and evaluate the script at that location into the in the current operating context. The initial use of OP_CALLBACK is to support partial orders unlike Atomic Swaps which force the complete transfer of value. In a broad scope users can reference any monadic code in Overline.

OP_ENVOUTPOINTLOCKTIME
What is it?
This operations does not take an argument and is an environment operator indicated by “ENV” prepending the variable pulled from the environment, in this case “OUTPOINT LOCKTIME”. When queried the operation returns the lock time numeral of the transaction referenced.
How to use it
“Lock time” means that the transaction cannot be valid until a certain time. Uniquely the operation can be used to restrict transactions that spend it with special case lengths of time. For example, if a service must be performed the lock time can return Overline back to an escrow account until a given lock time elapsed and the funds can be released. Or users can signal an attractive Overline rate to the open marketplace but restrict uses from spending the benefit of this pair until a height which would draw more liquid Overline if needed.
OP_ENVOUTPOINTVALUE
What is it?
This operations does not take an argument and is an environment operator indicated by “ENV” prepending the variable pulled from the environment, in this case “OUTPOINT VALUE”. When queried the operation returns the value numeral of the transaction referenced.
How to use it
This operation is critical when creating complex assets which require a threshold of value to execute a given operation. For example, a transaction may promise an attractive pair if it is given Overline liquidity of a minimum value. The Timble script ensures that before the transaction can be spent (thereby becoming an outpoint of the spending transaction) that a given threshold is achieved. Another use case is when hosting a multichain coin offering which requires an amount of Overline in order to make claims of a given asset.

OP_Q
What is it?
This operation takes four arguments, previousHash a string, dataBytes a numeral, dataHash a string hash of the data requested, and networkAddress which is optional, an IP or the category to be broadcast. This operation is part of INFINITE QUERY which is enabled on machines that have local storage. The networkAddress when used acts to validate the source of the document or assist in routing the document to its requestors destination. OP_Q transactions do not modify the stack which means that they are added to the output script of a transaction (which is one Overline fee) and then that transaction is spent (triggering the evaluation of the OP_Q). To prevent bandwidth abuse OP_Q memory is limited to the last 2000 blocks of the network which adds a timeliness to the data being requested or cascaded through the network.
How to use it
OP_Q in its most simple form is a method by which a peer could query the network for data which matches a given size and category. OP_Q differs from a traditional data storage network in that there are Overline fees to request it and no guarantee the document will be received. However, uniquely, the protocol cascades the query which means that if any node does have the document in question they cascade it to local peers. In this way it creates a reverse ‘attention’ economy in that the query if resolved correctly the result becomes a broadcast propagated through the network OP_Q as a result is like a ‘push notification’ for decentralized networks. In other words, you can pay for the attention of the network so long as you were being truthful regarding the size and hash of the data which you want them to be aware of.
Notably OP_Q includes a previous hash and next hash which allows chunked requests. The peer can use these hashes to determine the bandwidth of the peer requesting the data and respond accordingly. In theory this could allow entire open source operating systems to be transmitted through the network.

Definitions Coming Soon

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OP_([2-9]|1[0-6])\b
OP_0
OP_0NOTEQUAL
OP_1
OP_1ADD
OP_1NEGATE
OP_1SUB
OP_2
OP_2DIV
OP_2DROP
OP_2DUP
OP_2MUL
OP_2OVER
OP_2ROT
OP_2SWAP
OP_3
OP_3DUP
OP_ABS
OP_ADD
OP_AND
OP_BLAKE2BL
OP_BLAKE2BLS
OP_BOOLAND
OP_BOOLOR
OP_CHECKMULTISIG
OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY
OP_CHECKSIGNOPUBKEYVERIFY
OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY
OP_DEPTH
OP_DIV
OP_DROP
OP_DUP
OP_ELSE
OP_ENDBCI
OP_ENDIF
OP_ENDIFEQ
OP_ENDMONAD
OP_ENDRATEMARKET
OP_ENVOUTPOINTNONCE
OP_ENVOUTPOINTVALUE
OP_ENVOUTPOINTVCLYSPUL
OP_EQ
OP_EQUAL
OP_EQUALVERIFY
OP_FALSE
OP_GATE
OP_GREATERTHAN
OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL
OP_HASH160
OP_HASH256
OP_HTTPSELECT
OP_HTTPSTATUS
OP_IF
OP_IFDUP
OP_IFEQ
OP_INITBCI
OP_INVERT
OP_LESSTHAN
OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL
OP_LSHIFT
OP_MAKERCOLL
OP_MAX
OP_MIN
OP_MOD
OP_MONADSPLIT
OP_MUL
OP_MYLX
OP_NEGATE
OP_NIP
OP_NOP
OP_NOT
OP_NOTIF
OP_NUMEQUAL
OP_NUMNOTEQUAL
OP_OR
OP_ORDTYPE
OP_OVER
OP_PICK
OP_RATEMARKET
OP_RETURN
OP_RETURN_RESULT
OP_RIPEMD160
OP_ROLL
OP_ROT
OP_RSHIFT
OP_SCHNACK
OP_SHA1
OP_SHA256
OP_STATBCI
OP_SUB
OP_SWAP
OP_TRUE
OP_TUCK
OP_WITHIN
OP_XOR